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Coffee causes Insulin Resistance (Don’t Panic) – Thomas DeLauer
Study – Diabetes Care
Caffeine or a placebo was administered intravenously to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design – glucose clamps were used to assess insulin sensitivity
Measurements included plasma levels of insulin, catecholamines, and free fatty acids (FFAs)
Results
Caffeine decreased insulin sensitivity by 15% vs. placebo
After caffeine administration, plasma FFAs increased and remained higher than during placebo
Plasma epinephrine (adrenaline) increased five fold, and smaller
increases were recorded in plasma norepinephrine and blood pressure (4)
Caffeine & Adrenaline
Adrenaline is a key hormone in the ‘fight or flight’ response, whereby it stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream in the case that we need quick energy
It does this via two physiological processes; glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis – the liver breaks down stored glucose in the form of glycogen, and it also breaks down non-glucose sources of energy such as fat sources
In other words, and similarly when stressed, the body prepares itself by ensuring that enough sugar or energy is readily available
Insulin levels fall, glucagon and adrenaline levels rise and more glucose is released from the liver – as a result, more glucose is available in the blood stream
Note: Can decrease insulin sensitivity, but does not have an effect on insulin signaling
Adrenaline Increases Lipolysis
Caffeine breaks down fat tissue and releases free fatty acids into the bloodstream to be used for energy
*Also interesting because one of the properties of insulin is that it inhibits lipolysis
Adrenaline Causes Temporary Insulin Resistance
This might seem like a bad thing considering we want increased insulin sensitivity, but it’s actually beneficial
If insulin levels are high, it inhibits the exact mechanisms of fat burning that caffeine is stimulating
So as a result, our body finds a way to allow for fat burning to occur by becoming temporarily insulin resistant
In a state of impaired insulin sensitivity, insulin can’t bind to its receptor properly which prevents it from triggering its anti-fat-burning effects
Insulin vs Adrenaline – Summed
Caffeine increases adrenaline, which increases lipolysis – an increase in free fatty acids shooting around your body causes a subsequent, but necessary, drop in insulin sensitivity to allow you to actually burn the fat
So caffeine has a “negative” effect on insulin sensitivity, but not on insulin itself
Drink Coffee Post Workout
Coffee Efficacy
A study led by Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) researchers, the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
Analyzed data on 126,000 people over 18 years in regards to coffee and caffeine consumption,
Results showed that participants who increased their coffee consumption by more than one cup per day (median change=1.69 cups/day) over a four-year period had a 11% lower risk of type 2 diabetes in the subsequent four years compared to those who made no changes in consumption
Those who lowered their daily coffee consumption by more than one cup (median change=2 cups/day) had a 17% higher risk for diabetes
References
1) Does Coffee Decrease Insulin Sensitivity? (2013, July 31). Retrieved from
2) Is Your Daily Coffee Making You Insulin Resistant (And Fat!)? (2017, March 14). Retrieved from
3) Effects of Coffee Consumption on Fasting Blood Glucose and Insulin Concentrations. (2004, December 1). Retrieved from
4) Keijzers GB , et al. (n.d.). Caffeine can decrease insulin sensitivity in humans. – PubMed – NCBI. Retrieved from
5) Thong FS , et al. (n.d.). Caffeine-induced impairment of insulin action but not insulin signaling in human skeletal muscle is reduced by exercise. – PubMed – NCBI. Retrieved from
6) Increasing daily coffee consumption may reduce type 2 diabetes risk. (2014, April 30). Retrieved from
7) Sherwin RS and Saccà L. (n.d.). Effect of epinephrine on glucose metabolism in humans: contribution of the liver. – PubMed – NCBI. Retrieved from
8) Blood Sugar & Stress :: Diabetes Education Online. (n.d.). Retrieved from /
